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French Historical Studies 2008 31(4):609-641; DOI:10.1215/00161071-2008-008
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No Right to Judge: Feminism and the Judiciary in Third Republic France

Sara L. Kimble

Women in France were admitted to the legal profession by law in 1900, but they were prohibited from ascending to the judiciary until 1946. Once they entered the profession, feminist lawyers demanded "the right to judge" and challenged gender discrimination in employment. They found allies among juvenile justice reformers who advocated the utility of placing women on the bench of the new youth courts created by the law of July 22, 1912. This article demonstrates that the legislative efforts to secure women's judicial eligibility were thwarted by the perception of women's social and cultural inferiority and by the fact of their legal inequality. Women's protest of their unequal treatment formed an inherent claim to equal citizenship and threatened to disrupt the traditional power relations between the sexes.

Les femmes françaises ont gagné le droit d'exercer le métier d'avocate en 1900, mais elles n'ont pas pu devenir juges avant 1946. Une fois entrées dans la profession, les avocates féministes ont réclamé « le droit de juger » et ont défié la discrimination contre les femmes au travail. Elles ont trouvé des alliés parmi les réformateurs du système judiciaire juvénile qui préconisaient de permettre aux femmes d'exercer le métier de juge dans les nouveaux tribunaux pour enfants et adolescents créés par la loi du 22 juillet 1912. Cet article démontre que les tentatives de réforme législative visant de permettre aux femmes de devenir juges ont été bloquées par la perception de l'inégalité sociale et culturelle de la femme, et par son incapacité politique. Les revendications professionnelles des avocates impliquaient le droit à la citoyenneté, et menaçaient de bouleverser le rapport traditionnel entre les sexes.


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