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French Historical Studies 2008 31(4):553-580; DOI:10.1215/00161071-2008-006
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Le Soldat Sensible: Military Psychology and Social Egalitarianism in the Enlightenment French Army

Christy Pichichero

Between the end of the seventeenth century and that of the eighteenth, France's military decline sparked much thought regarding reforms that would increase combat effectiveness. While some reformers believed the problem to be technical and thus targeted tactical and organizational aspects of the military system, others maintained that the problem was moral, social, and political stemming from a corrupt civil society. Espousing a more anthropocentric and phenomenological account of war, the latter group pioneered ideas in military and social psychology that set the stage for changes in military policy and for the foundation of a more modern vision of selfhood and the experience of war.

Entre la fin du dix-septième siècle et celle du dix-huitième, le déclin militaire de la France suscita de nombreuses réflexions visant à améliorer les performances françaises sur le champ de bataille. Si certains objectèrent des défaillances techniques et proposèrent donc des ajustements tactiques et organisationnels du système militaire, d'autres soutinrent une origine morale, sociale et politique liée à l'état corrompu de la société civile. Epousant une analyse plus anthropocentrique et plus phénoménologique de la guerre, ce dernier groupe de penseurs développa de nouvelles idées portant sur la psychologie sociale et militaire et posant les jalons d'une conception plus moderne du « moi » et de l'expérience de la guerre.


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